原状膨胀土剪切力学特性的应变速率效应     

李新明  贾亚垒  王志留  尹松 《岩土力学》2022,43(12):3327-3334

为研究应变速率对原状膨胀土力学性状的影响,通过GDS三轴试验系统进行了不同速率和围压下的固结不排水三轴剪切试验,分析了应力−应变曲线、孔隙水压力、剪切强度以及破坏模式随应变速率的变化规律。结果表明：不同应变速率下,膨胀土应力−应变曲线均呈应变硬化型。随着应变速率的增加,不排水剪切强度单调递增,引入应变速率参数ρ_0.9后发现,不排水强度增长率为14.3%～23.2%,平均值为18.4%。低围压下,应变速率对孔隙水压力影响较小,随着围压的增大,孔隙水压力的发展趋势由软化型转变为硬化型,孔隙水压力峰值随应变速率的增大而减小。原状膨胀土应变速率效应与其多裂隙性密切相关,破坏形式表现为小应变速率下主剪切带与次剪切带共存,大应变速率下仅有主剪切带,裂隙或多剪切带的出现强化了膨胀土强度的应变速率效应。  相似文献   

冻融温变速率对岩石受载特性的影响规律     

刘成禹  郑道哲  张向向  陈成海  曹洋兵 《岩土力学》2022,43(8):2071-2082

以贺兰山岩画、云冈石窟等中常见的硅质胶结砂岩为研究对象,对不同温变速率冻融后岩样进行称重、超声波测试和单轴压缩试验,探究了冻融后岩石物理力学性质随冻融温变速率的变化规律;根据冻融后岩石受载过程中的声发射和微震特征,揭示了温变速率对冻融后岩石内部不同尺度裂纹扩展的影响规律及其内在机制。研究表明：（1）随着温变速率增加,岩样冻融后的微裂纹增多,颗粒间联结强度减弱,峰值强度、弹性模量降低,破坏应变及损伤参量D_e、D_v增大;（2）冻融岩石受载过程中,微裂纹具有“初始压密―扩展孕育―急速扩展”的演化特征,宏观裂纹演化过程可分为“匀速扩展－急速扩展”两个阶段,其中宏观裂纹的急速扩展阶段还呈现出“孕育－扩展－再孕育－再扩展”的波浪式发展特点;温变速率越大,冻融后岩石受载过程中的微裂纹、宏观裂纹扩展越快,且更易于进入急速扩展阶段;当温变速率增大到一定数值后,微裂纹、宏观裂纹从加载开始即以较高速率扩展,直至岩样破坏;（3）微裂纹孕育阶段和加载全过程的声发射振铃相对增长速率,以及宏观裂纹匀速扩展阶段的相对时长、微震振铃相对增长速率均与损伤参量D_e、D_v具有较好的拟合关系,能够反映冻融循环对岩石的初始损伤作用;（4）冻胀力随温变速率增加而增大,导致不同温变速率冻融后岩样的初始损伤不同,这是引起冻融后岩石受载过程中裂纹扩展、声震特性出现显著差异的内在原因。  相似文献   

Identification of Milankovitch Cycles and Calculation of Net Primary Productivity of Paleo-peatlands using Geophysical Logs of Coal Seams     

SHAO Longyi  WEN He  GAO Xiangyu  Baruch SPIRO  WANG Xuetian  YAN Zhiming  David J. LARGE 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(6):1830-1841

Individual coal seams formed in paleo-peatlands represent sustained periods of terrestrial carbon accumulation and a key environmental indicator attributed to this record is the rate of carbon accumulation. Determining the rate of carbon accumulation requires a measure of time contained within the coal. This study aimed to determine this rate via the identification of Milankovitch orbital cycles in the coals. The geophysical log is an ideal paleoclimate proxy and has been widely used in the study of sedimentary records using spectral analysis. Spectral analyses of geophysical log from thick coal seams can be used to identify the Milankovitch cycles and to calculate the period of the coal deposition. By considering the carbon loss during coalification, the long-term average carbon accumulation rate and net primary productivity (NPP) of paleo-peatlands in coal seams can be obtained. This review paper presents the procedures of analysis, assessment of results and interpretation of geophysical logs in determining the NPP of paleo-peatlands.  相似文献   

汇聚背景下的多幕裂陷作用及其迁移机制:以南海北部珠江口盆地为例     

詹诚  卢绍平  方鹏高 《地学前缘》2022,29(4):307-318

南海的形成演化受控于印-澳、欧亚以及太平洋板块的相互运动,为研究汇聚背景下板块碰撞及其远程效应提供重要窗口。为了揭示该汇聚背景下的多幕裂陷过程,本文选取地质信息丰富的整个珠江口盆地为典型区,利用三条高精度地震剖面,对盆地各地质单元进行断层活动速率和构造沉降速率的定量计算及综合分析。结果表明盆地裂陷期东部、中部和西部主要控凹断层的平均活动速率分别为96 m/Ma、223 m/Ma和124 m/Ma,且其平均沉降速率依次为8.5 m/Ma、34 m/Ma和12.7 m/Ma,盆地整体呈现中部裂陷作用最强,其后向西部和东部逐渐减弱的特征。本文认为这与先存断裂以及初始地壳厚度有关:盆地东部和中部存在NE向先存断裂,并且东部先存断裂更加活跃,因此在新生代拉伸应力下东部更易表现为裂陷作用最强的区域,其次为中部和西部;而受前新生代时期俯冲作用的影响,岩浆的底垫作用引起盆地东部地壳增厚,东部裂陷作用强度急剧降低,造成裂陷作用强度的东西差异。此外,盆地南段凹陷裂陷期的断层活动和沉降速率发生激增,裂陷作用存在向南迁移的现象。本文推测在深度相关的伸展模式的影响下,南段凹陷地壳温度升高,强度减弱,因而在伸展应力下发生快速的拉伸减薄,导致裂陷中心向南迁移及岩浆物质上涌。同时,侵入的岩浆物质导致高角度正断层转换成低角度正断层,进一步促进裂陷中心向南迁移。  相似文献   

基于测井频谱分析的松科二井登娄库组地层沉积速率研究     

张浩东  邹长春  彭诚  杨玉卿 《地球学报》2022,43(5):654-664

松辽盆地科学钻探工程松科二井获取了白垩纪陆相沉积资料, 其中连续、多参数、高分辨率的地球物理测井资料为研究松辽盆地地层的沉积速率变化规律提供了机会。本文利用GR、Th、K、Th/K多种测井数据, 采用天文旋回的方法来计算松科二井登娄库组地层的沉积速率, 并探讨影响地层沉积的主控因素。多种测井数据的频谱分析结果表明了登娄库组地层记录着米兰科维奇旋回信息, 这说明登娄库组沉积过程受天文轨道驱动力影响。Th测井数据对天文旋回信息的敏感性强, 综合考虑多种测井数据的测试结果获得了连续、相对准确的地层沉积速率。登娄库组地层沉积速率从下往上整体呈现为由高到低的趋势。 登二段至登三段时期地层沉积主要受盆地断陷活动控制, 地层整体具有高沉积速率特征, 最高达到 16.2 cm/ka。随后至登四段时期由于断陷活动逐渐减弱, 盆地向区域坳陷的构造格局转化, 登四段整体具有沉积速率较低的特征, 最低为5.9 cm/ka。该研究建立了松科二井登娄库组地层连续的沉积速率剖面, 为揭示松辽盆地由断陷活动过渡到坳陷活动的地质规律提供了测井证据。  相似文献   

不同荷载条件下冻土融化沉降过程试验研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

黄永庭  马巍  何鹏飞  栗晓林 《冰川冻土》2021,43(1):184-194

融沉是困扰多年冻土区工程建设与安全运营的关键因素之一。通过室内试验,针对两种初始干密度不同的青藏粉质黏土,在-8~24 ℃之间正弦波动的周期温度边界条件下,分别开展了无荷载、静荷载及动荷载作用下冻结饱和试样的融沉试验（试样的初始温度为-1 ℃）,研究了试样内部温度、变形、孔隙水压力的时间变化过程。结果表明：温度边界相同时,在不同荷载作用下试样内部温度响应过程差异显著,反映了荷载对冻土融化速率的影响。在无荷载作用下,试样的竖向变形呈线性发展趋势,每次冻融过程中的融沉变形变化不大。在静荷载和动荷载作用下,试样的竖向变形呈先快速增加后逐渐稳定的趋势,且融化沉降变形主要发生在前3~4个冻融循环过程。试验结束时,在静、动荷载作用下试样最终变形量大于无荷载作用下,且干密度较小时竖向变形较大。在动荷载作用下,试样内部孔隙水压力变化幅度大于静荷载,且在前3次冻融循环过程中,动荷载作用下试样内部孔隙水压力消散数值大于静荷载,之后随着冻融循环次数的增加两者差异逐渐减小。试样融沉变形过程与温度变化、孔隙水压力的积累和消散过程密切相关。试验结果可为复杂边界条件下融化固结理论研究和工程中地基土体的融沉变形预测提供依据。  相似文献   

利用滨海地下水系统对双频潮汐的响应识别含水层压力传导系数     

代希勤  阳玲  张铭  王同科  赵志学  郝永红 《水文》2021,41(1):66-72

含水层的压力传导系数是地下水溶质运移及扩散的重要参数,通常压力传导系数由抽水试验确定,即通过抽水给地下水系统一个扰动,然后监测地下水水位的响应,进而计算压力传导系数。对滨海地区含水层来说,潮汐波动就是天然的抽(注)水试验。潮汐由不同频率的分潮构成,前两项主频潮汐基本可代表潮汐主要特征。利用地下水水位对潮汐的响应,识别含水层压力传导系数。在推导出地下水对双频潮汐响应的解析解的基础上,提出了潮汐信号衰减法识别压力传导系数,并做了敏感性分析。通过对数值解叠加高斯噪音信号进行参数估算,证明该方法估算压力传导系数具有较高的可靠性和实用性。  相似文献   

土工试验规范变更对膨胀计算和判定的影响     

刘军  石鹏飞  孙凯 《岩土工程技术》2021,(2):134-136,F0003

对土工试验方法标准的新旧规范中无荷膨胀率和有荷膨胀率的变化内容进行对比分析,发现两者的计算公式发生显著变化,新规范的计算结果与旧规范相比,膨胀率明显变大,膨胀量随之增大,这将对工程勘察、设计、施工等产生明显影响。以某工程为例,新规范计算后地层总膨胀量由旧规范的16.7 mm变为51.8 mm,增加了2倍左右,地基土的胀缩等级由Ⅰ级变为Ⅱ级,地基基础设计等级由丙级变为乙级,地基处理措施和施工方案随之也发生改变。因此,工程技术人员对此应综合考虑,严谨对待。  相似文献   

A novel index to evaluate discretization methods:A case study of flood susceptibility assessment based on random forest     

Xianzhe Tang  Takashi Machimura  Wei Liu  Jiufeng Li  Haoyuan Hong 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(6):313-325

The selection of a suitable discretization method(DM)to discretize spatially continuous variables(SCVs)is critical in ML-based natural hazard susceptibility assessment.However,few studies start to consider the influence due to the selected DMs and how to efficiently select a suitable DM for each SCV.These issues were well addressed in this study.The information loss rate(ILR),an index based on the informa-tion entropy,seems can be used to select optimal DM for each SCV.However,the ILR fails to show the actual influence of discretization because such index only considers the total amount of information of the discretized variables departing from the original SCV.Facing this issue,we propose an index,infor-mation change rate(ICR),that focuses on the changed amount of information due to the discretization based on each cell,enabling the identification of the optimal DM.We develop a case study with Random Forest(training/testing ratio of 7:3)to assess flood susceptibility in Wanan County,China.The area under the curve-based and susceptibility maps-based approaches were presented to compare the ILR and ICR.The results show the ICR-based optimal DMs are more rational than the ILR-based ones in both cases.Moreover,we observed the ILR values are unnaturally small(＜1％),whereas the ICR values are obviously more in line with general recognition(usually 10％-30％).The above results all demonstrate the superiority of the ICR.We consider this study fills up the existing research gaps,improving the ML-based natural hazard susceptibility assessments.  相似文献   

Composition and origin of the volatile components released from the Pesyanoe aubrite by stepwise crushing and heating     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(1):125686

Aubrites are achondritic meteorites (enstatite pyroxenites) that were formed in highly reduced magmatic environments on a differentiated parent body sharing a common oxygen isotope reservoir with enstatite chondrites (EC), Earth and Moon, and could be considered as a geochemical model of the early proto-Earth. Some pyroxenes of the Pesyanoe aubrite have high abundance of gaseous inclusions, captured during the crystallization of the rocks. Investigation of the inclusions by IR spectroscopy reveals presence of OH⁻ groups and C–H bonds. The former are assigned to protonated point defects in enstatite lattice and the latter to compounds occupying void walls. Molecular water and CO₂ were not observed. Volatile components released from the samples of the Pesyanoe enstatite by stepwise crushing and heating are composed of CO₂, H₂O and a non-condensable phase. Hydrogen isotopic composition of volatiles extracted in form of molecular water in Px-separates varies in the range δD = −61 – −84‰ with mean value of δD = −73 ± 16‰ VSMOW and is within the ranges of ECs and Earth’s mantle. The total abundance of H₂ in the pyroxene of Pesyanoe were estimated as at least 0.047 ppm that is too low in comparison with that of enstatite chondrites (≥30 ppm H₂) and could indicate nearly complete degassing of the Pesyanoe primitive precursor material during the Pesyanoe parent body accretion or a mantle degassing in igneous differentiation process. In a last case a primitive precursor could have D/H ratio different from that of enstatite chondrites.  相似文献